Fluid Mechanics Laboratory

Introduction :

Electrical Analogy Apparatus helps students to study the similarity between flow of electric current and flow of water through a closed conduit. The flow in the first system is governed by the Ohm's law whereas that in the latter case is governed by DarcyWeisbach equation. The apparatus consists of a transparent tray 450 mm x 400 mm x 100 mm deep in which hydraulic models under study such as Orifices, Mouthpieces,weir etc., Can be arranged.

The necessary conductor and insulator plates (Bakelite) will be cut by the user as per the
requirement. A trolley mounted on the tray can be traversed in two planes on which probe can be
mounted and equipotential lines traced.Trolley will be fitted with scales to locate probe positions.

Introduction :

“EEE” Heleshaw Apparatus is made out of Perspex sheets. Water and dye are allowed to flow from the two small tanks, one containing water and other containing a dye solution , placed at the top of Perspex sheets. Small holes are drilled at the bottom of these two tanks; which open between the spacing between two Perspex sheets. At the bottom a small tube with pinch cock is provided which controls the flow. It is possible to keep a transparent sheet of paper against one of the Perspex sheets and trace out the streamline pattern. By changing the model, change in the streamline pattern can be studied.

• To determine the Reynolds number &hence the type of flow either laminar or turbulent
• To determine upper &lower critical Reynolds numbers and velocities

• Calibration of venturimeters
• Calibration of orificemeters

• Coefficient of discharge, Cd
• Coefficient of velocity, Cv
• Coefficient of contraction, Cc of given orifice and mouthpiece

Range of Experiments :

1. Determination of metacentric Height of a war ship.
2. Determination of metacentric Height of a cargo ship.

Introduction :

“EEE” Metacentric Height of Ship is a compact apparatus and requires minimal installation . The ship model is floated on water, and is tilted by moving a small weight at the level of the deck of
the ship. To note down the tilt of the ship a plumb is provided which records the tilt on a graduated arc of a circle. An arrangement is made to load the war ship or cargo ship.

Introduction :

“EEE” Bernoulli's Theorem Apparatus is a self contained, compact set up which helps in verifying Bernoulli's Theorem for liquids. It consists of a supply and delivery tanks between which water is allowed to flow through a horizontal Perspex channel, of varying cross sections. Pressure heads can be noted from piezometer tubes fixed on the channel. Supply from the pump is taken by flexible piping and drain could be given to the diversion arrangement for discharge measurement. Overflow and drain arrangement is provided for the supply and delivery tank. A scale for height measurement and stop clock is supplied with the apparatus.

Range of Experiments :

• Verification of Bernoulli's Theorem for liquids

Introduction :

“EEE” Impact of Jet Apparatus is a self contained, compact set up which measures the force exerted on the plates by the water jet, Allows the student to study the theoretical momentum, laws verify impact of jet practically.

Range of Experiments :

1. To determine coefficient of impact for the vanes lever.
2. To calculate theoratical and pracitcal forces for different types of blades.

• To visualised the forced and Free vortex phenomenon
• To plot the shape of vortex profile i.e. vertical height Vs. Horizontal Radius

2. Head loss comparison in Laminar /Turbulent flow

3.    Ideal flow associated with sinks and sources
          - formation of a Rankine half body
          - formation of a Rankine oval circular
          - streamlines from a doublet
          - superposition of sinks and sources.

4.    Use of streamlines to analyse two-dimensional flow.

• To determine coefficient of discharge through.
• “V” Notch.
• Rectangular Notch
• Trapezoidal Notch